Green Energy, Green Engineering and Technology

Nanotechnology involves the manipulation of materials at the scale of the nanometer, one billionth of a meter. Some scientists believe that mastery of this subject is forthcoming that will transform the way that everything in the world is manufactured. Green nanotechnology is the mainly applicable to green chemistry and green engineering principles to this field. It has been described as the development of clean technologies, to minimize potential environmental and human health risks associated with the manufacture and use of nanotechnology products. Nano-products that is more environmentally friendly throughout their lifecycle.

The realization that increases in consumption after World War II was causing an equally massive generation of waste products for which there was little technology or public policy to address spawned the original environmental movement with its emphasis on reducing ground, air and water pollution. Policies and technologies were created to address pollution; it became clear that the real long-term goal must be to ultimately establish a fully sustainable planet: one that could perpetually sustain itself in its present form through better management of its resources. This would require efforts on several technological fronts. 1st products needed to be designed and built with an eye towards eliminating wasteful materials used and the reuse and recycling of the materials that are used once the product has exhausted its useful life. 2nd reliance on difficult to replenish resources from timber to oil needed to be drastically reduced through the development of new recyclable advanced materials.

Materials hold the key too many advanced energy technologies including solar cells, batteries, fuel cells, and catalysis.  With the increasing need for cost-efficient methods for energy storage and conversion, it has become imperative to accelerate the rate at which energy-related materials are developed.

It is design and construction with the environment in mind. Green architects generally work with the key concepts of creating an energy efficient, environmentally friendly house.  Natural ecology of the planet should be the macro model for architects to use as a model for a green building. Architecture can model itself on the planetary system to copy the natural green environment, making a new building, or by adapting an existing building, both environmentally friendly, in terms of materials used and the space it occupies, and energy efficient, including solar technology.

It’s a period when the productivity of global agriculture increased drastically as a result of new advances, was a very important period in agricultural history. It had several benefits; the Green Revolution also had some negative effects on the society and environment. So continues increase in agricultural production is called Green revolution. The large increase in agricultural production due to mechanized agriculture, use of the High yielding variety of seeds, use of chemical fertilizers and plant protection by spraying pesticides, etc. is called Green Revolution.

Environmental Chemistry is the study of chemical processes occurring in the environment which is impacted by humankind's activities. These impacts may be felt on a local scale, through the presence of urban air pollutants or toxic substances arising from a chemical waste site, or on a global scale, through depletion of stratospheric ozone or global warming. The focus in our courses and research activities is upon developing a fundamental understanding of the nature of these chemical processes so that humankind's activities can be accurately evaluated. The field of environmental chemistry is both very broad and highly interdisciplinary. We interact with other chemists in the Department, with numerous other researchers at the University who have related interests, and with nearby government agencies. Indeed, the setting for the study of environmental chemistry is ideal.

The green economy can be thought of which is low carbon, resource efficient and socially inclusive. It is closely related to ecological economics but has a more politically applied focus. A low-carbon economy also known as the low-fossil-fuel economy or the decarbonized economy is an economy based on low carbon power sources that therefore has a minimal output of greenhouse gas emissions into the environment biosphere, but specifically refers to the greenhouse gas carbon dioxide. Greenhouse gas emissions due to anthropogenic activity are increasingly either causing global warming or making climate change wors.

Green Energy mainly involves natural energetic processes which will be controlled with very little pollution. Anaerobic digestion, geothermic power, wind power, small-scale hydropower, solar power, biomass power, periodic event power, wave power, and a few styles of atomic power belongs to the green energy. Some definitions may embody power derived from the combustion of waste. In many countries with business concern arrangements, electricity marketing arrangements build it possible for customers to buy green electricity from either their utility or a green power supplier. Once energy is purchased from the electricity network, the ability reaching the buyer won't essentially be generated from Green energy sources. The native utility company, utility, or state power pool buys their electricity from electricity producers World Health Organization could also be generating from fuel, nuclear or renewable energy sources.

Green technology is also used to describe sustainable energy generation technologies such as photovoltaic, wind turbines, bioreactors, etc. with an ultimate goal of sustainable development. Its main objective is to find ways to create new technologies in such a way that they do not damage or deplete the planet’s natural resources and aid in the reduction of global warming, greenhouse effect, pollution and climate change. The global reduction of greenhouse gases is dependent on the adoption of energy conservation technologies at the industrial level as well as this clean energy generation. That includes using unleaded gasoline, solar energy and alternative fuel vehicles, including plug-in hybrid and hybrid electric vehicles.

Now a day’s bioremediation technologies are going to be classified as in-situ or ex-situ. In in-situ bioremediation also involves treating the contaminated material at the location, whereas ex-situ involves the removal of the contaminated material to be treated elsewhere.  In bioremediation would occur on its natural attenuation or may exclusively effectively occur through the addition of fertilizers, oxygen, etc., it leads to facilitate encourage the growth of the pollution-eating microbes at intervals the medium. However, not all contaminants unit of measurement merely treated by bioremediation using microorganisms. 

It advances the design of products and processes by applying technologically and financially practicable processes and products in a manner that simultaneously decreases the amount of pollution that is generated by a source minimizes exposures to potential hazards as well as protecting human health without relinquishing the economic efficiency and viability. Use life-cycle thinking in all engineering activities as such, green engineering is not actually an engineering discipline in itself, but an overarching engineering framework for all design disciplines.

It is a technical congregation where the latest theoretical and technological advances are presented and discussed. Energy and environment are related to the technological and scientific aspects including energy conservation, and the synergy of energy forms and systems with the physical environment. The levels of atmospheric carbon dioxide have risen by 31% between 1800 and 2000, going from 280 parts per million to 367 parts per million. Scientists predict that co2 levels could be as high as 970 parts per million by the year 2100. Different factors are responsible for this development, such as promotion with respect to technical parameters of energy converters, in particular, improved efficiency; discharge characteristics and increased lifetime. Various environmental policies have been implemented across the world for reduction of GHG emissions for improvement of the environment.

The Renewable Energy source, as opposed to petroleum products, offers critical general medical advantages. The air and water contamination transmitted by coal and gaseous petrol plants are connected to breathing issues, neurological harm, heart assaults, and disease. Supplanting petroleum products with sustainable power source has been found to diminish untimely mortality and lost workdays, and it lessens general human services costs. The total national monetary effect related to these wellbeing effects of petroleum derivatives is amongst $361.7 and $886.5 billion, or between 2.5% and 6% of (GDP).

The majority of the world’s energy needs are met by burning hydrocarbon-based fossil fuels. Addition to requiring non-renewable natural resources that will eventually be depleted, this method of energy production produces greenhouse gases that contribute to climate change, releases toxic gases that comprise to smog that plagues cities, and requires expensive and often highly-polluting methods of fuel extraction, refining, and transport. Some of these problems have grown more pressing as fossil fuels have become scarcer, requiring drilling in more remote locations, use of less-ideal raw materials such as tar sands that require more intensive processing, and increasingly complex extraction techniques such as fracking.

It is renewable energy made available from materials derived from biological sources. Though wood is still our largest biomass energy resource, the other sources which can be utilized include plants, residues from agriculture or forestry, and the organic component of municipal and industrial wastes. Even the fumes from landfills can be used as a biomass energy source. Biohydrogen is a potential biofuel obtainable from both cultivations and from waste organic materials. Though hydrogen is produced from non-renewable technologies such as steam reformation of natural gas (~50% of global H2 supply), petroleum refining (~30%) and gasification of coal (~20%), green algae (including Chlamydomonas reinhardtii) and cyanobacteria offer an alternative route to renewable H2 production.

Natural sources for energy production are becoming extinct day by day. The main reason behind biomass energy production is that it can be produced from wood, plant and animal wastes, forestry wastes which indicate that biomass can be produced from those materials that are regarded as waste materials which are again re-used and energy is produced. It will not emit any harmful gases, produces clean energy, abundant and renewable, and reduces the usage of fossil fuels for energy production and also it can be used to create different products. The main reason behind biomass usage is it reduces the emission of greenhouse gases. It is also regarded as a most important renewable source of energy because it can be used as an alternative source for energy production.
A biofuel is a fuel that is produced through contemporary biological processes, such as agriculture and anaerobic digestion, rather than a fuel produced by geological processes such as those involved in the formation of fossil fuels, such as coal and petroleum, from prehistoric biological matter. It also derived directly from plants, or indirectly from agricultural, commercial, domestic, and industrial wastes. Renewable biofuels generally involve contemporary carbon fixation, such as those that occur in plants or microalgae through the process of photosynthesis.